China has officially started building a massive hydropower dam on the Brahmaputra River in the Medog region of Tibet. This project, while significant for China’s energy ambitions, raises important concerns for India, both environmentally and strategically.

The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet (where it’s known as Yarlung Tsangpo), flows through Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and eventually enters Bangladesh. The dam construction is happening in the upper stretch of the river, which means China will have control over the water flow before it reaches India.

From a strategic point of view, this gives China a considerable upper hand. Although Chinese authorities have claimed the project is purely for power generation, Indian experts worry that any interference in the river’s natural flow could lead to problems like floods or droughts in northeastern India. During dry seasons, if water is held back, it could reduce availability downstream. On the other hand, sudden water releases during monsoons could increase the flood risks.

India has previously asked China for more transparency in such projects, especially those near border regions. However, with this mega-dam project moving forward, India may need to strengthen its diplomatic efforts and water management strategies.

It’s also a reminder for India to invest more in building its own water data systems, improve river monitoring, and collaborate with neighboring countries like Bangladesh to manage shared water resources effectively.

While the project may take years to complete, it has already stirred discussions about water security and regional stability.